Here is a picture of the interior of one the speaker vaults. The speakers are already up and out at this point.  We had different sizes of poles for different areas because some locations did not needs as many speakers. Of the poles shown in the video, only the lighter weight unit goes down – but there are 44 poles total so I have no idea about the rest.

It is worth noting that alot of time and effort was put into the emergency announce capability of the system. This was something that book the Japanese and Disney engineers kept very much in focus. The announcements that you hear on the video were done in advance and loaded on to a “360″ sample playback device. It was necessary to allot 30% more time for Japanese language of an equivalent phrase in English.

We played those samples MANY times through all sorts of contingency scenarios. It was a good feeling to see it come through when it really counted.

Speaker enclosure at Tokyo Disney Sea

This is one of the big poles. 21 ft total

Here are a couple of the poles during a boat rehearsal.

In the big scheme of things this is very small. I was happy to see the buildings holding up there. I wish for the safety and speedy recovery for everyone there.

6o6

Ahhh… Don’t get me started!

But just one thing……For me, the DEAD giveaway on the VooDoo Magic nature of this topic is when people start talking about cable cleaning up the midrange…. “midrange mud” etc.  MIDRANGE!   That would be the part of the cable’s response that would be the same with 24 AWG or 2.4 AWG. That would be the part of the response left unchanged between the long jump and the marathon distances.

If there was really a dramatic difference in our VERY low electromagnetic frequencies of audio between wire twisted this way – or that (just because we work a gig doesn’t mean we hear a gigahertz) ,  then think of the HUGE the difference there would be between a 1 meter and a 10 meter cable. OMG there is 10x as much wire length!  That would be NIGHT & DAY if the real world spun on the axis of the cable marketeers.  Now we know the REAL reason the Left and Right in our PA never quite match!

If you want to REALLY fix midrange mud these are some of things that might help: Turn down the monitors. Isolate the mics. Put some curtains up. Put in a midrange filter and cut. Point the speakers in the right place. Splay the speakers apart. I could write a book on it……

If you want to talk about the audio properties of cable AT LEAST center the discussion around the parts of the audio spectrum that may actually be affected by the differences in wiring topology: the extremes.

Oh crap…I got started. I’ll stop now before I really get started…..

PS: I got a much bigger difference from Pre-Beer to Post-Beer than between A and B.

6o6

Well it turns out he had a Spanish translation of it and he RETRANSLATED it back to me.

It’s funny for me to see the old article and the extremely crude drawing quality of that era. As for the subject matter itself, it still holds up pretty well. Not too long ago went to another concert with a 5 piece jazz band where the piano was on the left and the guitar on the right. We had really great seats on the left side. The piano and drums and bass were fresh and clear. The guitar I heard when it came back off the wall on the right side. Bet it sounded great at FOH.

So here it is ……once again.  And if you want the Spanish version go here

**********************************

The Emperor’s New Mix

Unveiling the stereo myth on live sound

(Bob McCarthy Mix Magazine January 1998)

Once upon a time, there was an emperor living in a giant palace.

After mixing some tracks in his private studio, the emperor was so happy with the stereo image that he decided to throw a concert for his 5000 closest friends.

For the occasion, he bought a new luxuriously advanced stereo sound system.

Before the show started, the emperor told the audience what the sound system sales man had said to him:

”This system has such magic qualities, that it’s capable of creating perfect stereo imaging in every seat. Every person that doesn’t experiences stereo imaging is, obviously, vulgar and not suitable for his job.”

Everyone was sitting to the left and to the right all along the center walkway.

The sound system was set in such a way, that all the seats where inside the left and right P.A. towers coverage area.

The concert began.

The emperor was sitting in the center of the room, and he marveled at his own sophistication. The stereo image was perfect!

Everyone else shuffled in their seats realizing how vulgar they were and the danger they faced of losing their jobs if they were caught. To them, the sound appeared to come almost exclusively from the nearest P.A tower from their location.

When the concert finished, all the guests congratulated the emperor over the vivid stereo image they had experienced. Everything seemed to go well until a little boy, putting words to everyone’s thoughts, said:

”Why did all the music except the tom drum come from the right speaker?”

What the boy had said was true, and everyone knew it.

For some reason, the stereo image only worked in the very center of the room. How could this be? Was there something wrong with the sound system? With the mix? With the room acoustics? None of the above.

STEREO IMAGING IS NOT SCALE-TRANSFERRABLE

There is one simple and irrefutable problem: stereo effects don’t scale when moved from a studio to a bigger room. You could have all the stereo coverage needed for every seat, but that doesn’t mean you’ll experience stereo imaging when you leave the center.

Everyone agrees that stereo spatialization is better perceived from the center. But in a studio, or in a living room, one can move freely over a large part of the room and still experience reasonably effective stereo.

Try it yourself: Play a well mixed track in your living room, sit directly in front of the left speaker and close your eyes. Although off-centre, it’s still possible to identify the instruments all along different horizontal locations in between speakers. Now try it again in front of the P.A tower of the left, from a 30 meters distance in a concert hall. No more gradual horizontal movement between both sides. The image stays almost exclusively in the left speaker.

Keep your eyes closed, and slowly head to the center of the room (be careful!) until you reach a point where you find the same panoramic image you experienced in your living room. Be objective! This is all about real experience, not expected results. Surely, you will be standing just a few steps away from the center of the room, not much further than in your living room.

The distance you can travel in your living room while retaining acceptable stereo imaging is almost the same as you can travel in a 5000 seat concert hall before you lose spatialization.

TIME AND INTENSITY DIFFERENCE

Panoramic location between two sound sources depends on two interrelated factors: Time differences and Intensity differences. Let’s analyze intensity differences first.Turn gradually the pan pot in your console to the right. You have created now a difference in the level between the channels, favoring the right one, thus, the stereo image (as it’s expected) moves to the right.

This happens, as long as you remain seated in the center of both speakers. If, by any chance, you’re sitting to either side, the image won’t move the same way the pan pot does. Why? Here comes the defining factor in sound localization: time difference.

We locate the image depending on which source arrives first to our ears, even if the time difference is minimal and the later source has more intensity. The psychoacoustic relation between these two factors is known as ”Precedence effect” and was analyzed in 1950, among others, by the now famous Dr. Helmut Haas.

The ”sweet spot” for binaural localization (stereo imaging) is within the first millisecond of time difference. If the time difference exceeds the 5 milliseconds, the sound image can only be moved by brute force. The channel that arrives last must be 10 dB louder than the first to achieve this.

Now this is where the scale concept really comes alive.

Time and intensity differences don’t translate equally when we scale from a small space to a large one.

The intensity difference is a proportion between the level of both sources (the two speakers, the two channels…). The intensity relationship between left and right channel is the same in your living room than in a stadium. If you’re standing at twice the distance from one speaker in reference to the other, the intensity difference will be 6 dB, This will remain the same, no matter if the difference is 1.5 and 3 meters, or 15 and 30 meters.

The time difference, however, is not a proportion. It is simply, the DIFFERENCE in the arrival time of both sources.

While the intensity difference was kept constant in the previous example, the time difference will be multiplied by 10 when we increase the distance from 1.5 (4.4 ms approx.) to 15 meters (44 ms).

Given that the time difference is the predominating factor in sound location, you can clearly see that the odds are low when you’re trying to achieve stereo in large scale.

Because we only have a 5 ms window to control the image, the usable space to recreate stereo in a stadium is, in proportion, really small compared to your living room. In other words, the horizontal area needed to experience true stereo localization (the space where the images can be situated) is barely larger in a stadium than it is in your living room.

Nobody wants to admit that there is no stereo for the big crowds. From a mix engineer point of view, stereo represents an advantage. If he is mixing from the center of the room, it’s easier to listen individually to each instrument in the mix if they are panned all along the horizon. Plus, it’s more fun this way.

The diagram shows a concert room and a living room. The living room is in scale to the concert room. The light-shaded area in the living room drawing shows the area where the time difference between sources is less than 5 ms. This is the area where true stereo is achieved.

The same shading in the concert room is where one would assume you could obtain stereo imaging. The dark-shaded area shows the real area where stereo works properly in a concert room.

SIDE EFFECTS

The search for a stereo image can have a negative effect in the frequency response uniformity if the speakers are arranged in a way where there is too many overlapping of coverage area.

Signals panned to the center, almost always the important channels, will arrive at different times to the seats far from the center. This causes severe comb filtering and changes the frequency response for each listener.

Comb filtering, or combing, is one of the side effects caused by combining signals that aren’t in sync. The time differences change the phase relation between both speakers for all the frequencies. In any location, the frequency response obtained will depend on the phase relation between both signals. When the phase matches, there will be a total sum. When the phase is inverted, there will be a total cancelation.

In any point in between those two, the combined signal won’t have sums or cancelations. Instead, it will have a series of audible peaks and depressions in the obtained response. Each change in location will hold different time differences between left and right channel, and because of this, a new phase relation, resulting in a new series of peaks and depressions in the frequency response.

The irregularities caused by combing are more severe when you have two signals with the same intensity but different time arrival.

The more you try to spread the stereo, increasing the overlapping area of the speakers, the more audible will the peaks and dips will be. This is not to be taken lightly. A sound system with a large overlapping area will have variations of up to 30 dB in the frequency response over a band width that changes from seat to seat, turning EQ into something completely arbitrary. A short 1 ms delay will create a 1-octave hole in 500 Hz and will scale that way. Longer delays degrade the intelligibility and the sound quality even further.

If the stereo image is the most important, then you should fully pan the channels and make the overlapping coverage area of the speakers fill the room. The only way to beat time difference is forcing it with intensity. Although this expands the stereophonic area, you will be left with terrible level differences between channels at both sides of the room. However, channels panned to the center will have a variable response over the listening area, caused by the combing obtained with all the overlapping.

This technique was used for many years by a nameless touring band, which hard-panned several of its musicians. In the center of the listening area, the stereo was fantastic.

However, fans that couldn’t arrive early to the shows, in order to get seats in the center, would have to choose between listening to the left drummer and the guitar player, or, the right drummer and the keyboard player.

If the priority is to make the entire band enjoyable for the whole audience (and I expect it to be this way), then, leave the stereo as a special effect. Design the sound system in a way that the overlapping of the left and right speakers roughly matches the 5 ms time delay window area. Reduce the level of infill speakers so the front and center coverage can be achieved without big overlapping spaces. Don’t waste your time, energy and money on stereo delays and fills.

CONCLUSION

All of these can sound radical, maybe even heretical to many readers. After all, we have put too much time and effort into stereo reproduction in P.A systems.

It would be awesome if we could achieve stereo in every seat of the room, or even half of them. If a large amount of the audience receives the benefits of stereo imaging, we could argue that combing and intelligibility loss are a reasonable price to pay for it. But it is futile and self-destructive to fight against the laws of physics and psychoacoustics and to pretend that we are experiencing stereo, when we are not. Remember our priorities.

It is unlikely that our customers will raise their voice because they don’t have enough stereo. They certainly will of course, if everything sounds like a telephone or can’t be understood, two of the most common results when searching for stereo on big shows.

Mono sound reinforcements seem like something we should have already discarded for something better, but they have a big advantage over stereo: They work.

This is not a statement that will please the emperor, or the band manager, but it does hold some truth: ”This system has such magic qualities that it’s capable of creating perfect mono imaging in every seat”.

So thank you Jose Luis.

And then fill out the survey. I did. It takes only a short time. The more statistics John has – the better he can get to the bottom of this

Here is the link

Thanks

6o6

Vilnius is the largest city in Lithuania. Lithuania (the country) has the same population as my home city (St. Louis) of 3 million people. St. Louis is famous for bad beer. In Lithuania they prefer stronger stuff!

My host company was Ogmios Pulsas and I was well taken care of by Ramunas and Vitius. They showed me around the city and we tested out numerour restaurants, live music clubs, drinking spots, Ramunas’ house and almost…………..the local strip club by the hotel. It seems we did not drink QUITE enough to get there.  The class was quite full and included important engineers from Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, Finland, Russia and more. Peoplpe were very focused on the subject at hand. It is amamzing what a difference the years make. It was not so long ago that I would stand in front of a bunch of folks and the message I got back was “Why can’t we just do it by ear?’  Nowadays a seminar is filled with folks who understand the power of the modern analyzer – and whether they use SIM, or one of the many Sons of SIM they are using the dual channel FFT – and they want to know how to do it better. I no longer have to convince people that using their ears AND an analyzer is the best combination for dealing with this VERY COMPLEX subject.

I really enjoyed everybody there. We had a great time at Ram’s house, eating, drinking and playing Jazz (and a bit of Rock’n'roll).  Thanks so much and I hope to come back there soon.

Ramunas - my host for the week

Vitius aught me lots about Vilnius history and culture... including an advanced drinking seminar

Hands on time at the SIM3

This is where we can see which students were on Facebook instead of SIM

This is Stephan Kruppa. He does all the hard work to make my seminars easy for me. He also thinks that is a drum in his hand.

I got crappy photos – but good SIM data and both will follow after I get done with Carnegie.

Thanks for your support

I am grateful to announce that Sound Systems: Design & Optimization has reached the milestone of 10,000 copies sold. Around half of these are the English language editions and the remaining half split equally between the Spanish and Chinese language editions. Work is currently underway to translate the 2^nd edition into Chinese. I want to extend my thanks to everyone that has supported this project, either by buying the book, promoting it to others, or helping me write it. Thanks especially to my editor Catharine Steers at Elsevier, all of my peer reviewers and those that contributed photographs and perspective pieces for the book. Thanks also to John and Helen Meyer, Gavin Canaan, Mac Johnson and all the staff there that continue to support my educational efforts through their sponsorship of my seminars and to all who have taken their valuable time to attend them. Thanks also to everyone at LiveDesign, Rational Acoustics, TC Furlong, and others that have helped promote this book.  Also to Ana Lorentz for translation of the Spanish Edition and to Magu for his help in that effort. Finally my highest gratitude goes to my wife Merridith who negotiated the deal and was one of just two people (along with Thorny) to read the whole book during its development.

When this was written I felt that less than 1250 books would be a failure, and anything more than 2500 would be a success. Reaching 10,000 in less than 4 years is far beyond my wildest dreams.

So thanks a million, I mean a ten thousand.

Sincerely,

 6o6

 In case you are interested: Here is what I did with the proceeds from the book: I crossed back over the art/science line to a 1978 Gibson Johnny Smith, and a 2009 Breedlove Bossa Nova.

1978 Gibson Johnny Smith

Breedlove Bossa Nova

 Here is a simple example from the muscial side: This is my son Simon. He has a guitar effects pedal that has exactly the TONE of Eddie Van Halen. One small thing though: he can’t TUNE his guitar.

A legend in his own mind

 

Sound systems also have a similar contrast between these two concepts. Tuning  a sound system (in my estimation) is where you adjust the system so that it has uniform response over the listening area, with minimal distortion, maximum intelligibility and best available sonic imaging. Tuning is about making the far seats similar to the near seats. An objectively verifiable – but verifiably unattainable goal of same level, same frequency response, same intelligilbility throughout the room. Making the underbalcony as similar as possible to the mix position (which hopefully is NOT under the balcony). It is about making sure every driver is wired correctly, still alive, aimed at the right place and cleanly crossed over to the next one. It is about making it so the mix engineer can mix with confidence that theirs is a SHARED experience. Because it an objective pursuit, the use of prediction tools, analysis tools and our ears all play important roles in the process.  It does NOT, however mean that it sounds GOOD. ”Good” is subjective.

Toning, on the other hand, can’t be done wrong. It is entirely subjective. Toning a system is the setting of a bank of global equalization filters at the output of the mix console that drives the sound system. If you want to set it by ear fine. If you want to set it by 10,000 hours of acoustical analysis containing mean/spline/root squared/Boolean averaging then go for it. If I am the mixer and I don’t like it, I will change it. Too bad. I like MY tone better. Deal with it. I don’t like flat. Deal with it. I like flat. Deal with it. There is nothing at stake here. Nothing to argue about. And no need to bring objectivity, or an analyzer to the table. The global equalizer is just an extension of the mix console eq. In the end the mixer will choose what they want to eq on a channel by channel  basis and what they want to eq globally. But also in the end there is no wrong answer, because it is entirely subjective. I have worked shows where, in my opinion the mix sounded like a cat in heat. That’s my opinion, and therefore not relevant, unless asked for. I asked the mixer “Are you happy with that?” They say “Yes”.  As long as I have ensured the cat in heat is transmitted equally to everybody in the room (i.e. TUNING the sound system), my work is done.

Good toning enhnaces the musical quaility, or natural quality of transmitted sound. Good tuning ensures that the good (or bad) toning makes it beyond the mix position.

 Piano Tuning…. and Toning

One does not have to know how to play a piano to be a competent piano tuner. It is an objective pursuit. Numbers. It can be done with an analyzer and/or a trained ear. The toning of a piano, a subjective paramater, cannot be wrong. John Cage opens up the piano and scatters nuts and bolts on top of the strings. This “tones” the piano. Is it wrong? Of course not. But before John Cage plays the “prepared” , i.e. toned piano, do you think he has it TUNED?  You bet.

John Cage Prepared Piano - a subjectively "toned" piano

 Below is another example of a “toned” piano.

I always wanted to find a way to work a deer head into my music

 Below are the tools for TUNING a piano. Similar to the ones we find our artistic auto mechanics using to TUNE up our car.

Tuning Forks

Hmmm..... Digital calipers: Objective or subjective?

Strobe tuner: otherwise known as a frequency analyzer

Just semantics or more?

So why do I make this distinction?  Because I have recently experienced several cases where people are confusing these concepts. In one case a guy wrote an article about how much better systems sound if they don’t have a flat response. Better to have peaks and dips. He notes that people that tune sound systems with analyzers do the clients a disservice by making thr system “flat”. Who am I to argue with this. He doesn’t like flat. OK. However, in the course of putting down acoustic analyzers for global equalization, the article never mentions the OTHER things that we use analyzers for: checking polarity, aiming the speakers, adjusting splay angles, adjusting relative level between speakers, setting crossovers, phase alignment, intelligibility analysis, treating reflections or most importantly: working to make it sound uniform throughout the room. The article compares equalizing your church sound system to your home hi-fi, which is to say TONING the system.  Maybe this guy’s approach is great for toning the system, but it is useless for tuning the sound system. The article “The fallacy of a flat system” can be found here

———————-

Then I received a question from one of my recent students from Asia:

Dear Bob:

Last week I join the BRAND X SPEAKER COMPANY seminar, they use another method to alignment the line-array system.

1) the whole line-array should be same EQ & same level.

2) they use room capture software to alignment the line-array system. They capture about 15 trace at difference mic position in the venue but not on axis speaker position and finally they sum average of the trace to 1 result then EQ it. What do you think?

————–

This was my reply:

1) the whole line-array should be same EQ & same level. 

I cannot find any good reason for this. The lower area is covered by the lower boxes, the upper area by the upper boxes. They are in very different acoustic environments, they are very much at different distances. Why lock yourself into a solution with no flexibility? If the end result is a perfect match… then great. If not…what can you do besides make excuses?

2) they use room capture software to alignment the line-array system. They capture about 15 trace at difference mic position in the venue but not on axis speaker position and finally they sum average of the trace to 1 result then EQ it. What do you think?

This solves NOTHING. The end result is the same eq to all speakers. If it was an average of 2 positions or 20,000 positions the average is still just ONE set of parameters. If it sounds different in the front than the back before you average then it will sound exactly the same amount different AFTER the average. Why bother to take samples all around the room if you are not going to do anything about the DIFFERENCES around the room? It is just a waste of time.

The only reason to use an analyzer is to get objective answers such as: is it the same or different?  Not for subjective ones such as – does it sound good?

Example: Let’s say you average 20,000 seats and put that in as the eq for all speakers. Then the mixer hears it and wants a boost at 2 kHz.  What are you going to do? You are going to boost 2 kHz or get fired. Who cares about the average now?

6o6

———-

In this case a manufacturer is using toning techniques without dealing with the tuning part. BOTH must be applied if we are going to bring the tonal experience to the people that pay to hear our sound systems.

Conclusion:

Keep an eye on both sides of the issue, but bring the right tool for the job:

Recommended system tuning attire

System toning outfit (Women only PLEASE!)

Toning apparel for men

How is your japanese?

The sign reads ” Meyer Sound SIM3 Se-mi-NA (seminar)

Our seminar was held on the 47th floor of the Sumitomo building in Shinjuku, a high rise area of western Tokyo in August of 2010. Shinjuku has the highest concentration of tall buildings in Tokyo and is a huge railway hub. A great location that everyone can get to………even those that come a long way.

We stayed in a hotel that was so close we just walked there each day. Here was the view from our room

Shinjuku area view from our hotel

I have been visiting Japan on an irregular basis since 1987, for a total of maybe…30 visits. Two people that have been a continuous presence through those years are Hiro Tomioka and Akio Kawada. They have been so kind to me and they are two people very much dedicated to the highest levels of sound quality. Hiro has been doing SIM work since the EARLY days and has taught many of the Japanese engineers how to tune systems. Here is a current picture of Hiro.

Flashback 1987:

But we were not always so old.  Here is a picture from around 88 on the Diamond Dust tour for Yumi Matstoya.

Hiro is on the right here – and Bun Sato, who was my personal guide for years, is on the left.

 I had come to Japan to work with a major domestic artist Yumi Matsutoya. She is big stuff over there – even if you never heard of her. Big enough that I can still drop her name in a sushi bar here in the US and the waitresses all smile and the guys behind the sushi bar roll their eyes. It seems that going to a Yumi show was like takinh your girl to a chick-flick, but let me tell you – they came. Year after year.

Here is a pic from a show back in 1987. The backdrop was all flourescent lights that a guy would trigger off and on by hitting his hands on a primitive drum pad.

End of show: Yumi Matsutoya: Osaka Jo Hall 1987

I can remember at the end of the 1st show when the lights came up I thought “I am the only person in 15,000 with blond hair!”

The sound system was provided by Soundcraft, still a major player in Japan. The crew was all japanese (except me) and many of the folks have been had great careers since that time. Here we are as young guns:

I went out and visited the ATL office in the middle of Japan in the highlands, a city called Kofu. We went wine tasting. This was the worsdt wine I EVER tasted – even worse than Missouri wine – and that is no small feat. 

At the ATL Office in Kofu 1988

 Naito (then the co-owner of ATL had connections in the wedding industry in Japan. This is BIG business. So big that people go bankrupt throwing weddings. Anyway they took we to a wedding place and dressed me in a formal wedding outfit as shown in the picture below. YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED!

We did a lot of veryt important work over the years with Yuming and Soundcraft and ATL. We developed many of the SIM tuning techniques over there – in larger part thanks to the fact that we could put 8 microphones out in the audience and no one ever bothered them.

On to the present

We had a nice sized class in a small sized space.  As usual there are not many questions when I do a seminar in Japan – except during the breaks. But by the last day people were asking a lot. We had Nauko-san as the interpreter again. She is really great and has a great sense of humor. It is rare to have an interpreter that can translate not only the technical stuff – but also be able to get a joke to go through – ESPECIALLY my jokes.

Tokyo Classroom Nauko-Hiro

 One of the fun surprises of the class was to see Joe Atanacio again after………………. lots of years. He does sound for the US Air Force Band which means it costs US taxpayers about $4 million to have him come to the seminar which I think is money much better spent than on SMAART bombs (not SIM bombs).  Anyway Joe was great to see and we had some interesting discussions over sushi and sake. Good stuff. 

Joe Atanacio

The class went smoothly – although it can be tough in such a small space – we still got some good data. I will put those traces  up soon in another post. 

Tokyo Classroom 1

Tokyo Classroom 2

and finally thanks to the lovely Tomoko-san who made all the arrangements for us and took very good care of Merridiith and I.

Tomoko-san

We have Bennet Prescott to thank for this. I only wish I had done it myself.